Tuesday, February 21, 2012

Vitamin C Controversy


Feeling sleepy, achy and a tad congested has me at home today. As I sit drinking a cup of tea and resting to prevent whatever my body is fighting off from becoming a full-fledge illness, has me thinking of alternative treatments. I work with children with special health care needs and I regularly hear parents ask what they can do to prevent illness. The common cold or the flu may have the average person feeling miserable for maybe a week, but these sicknesses for a medically compromised child can wind up in a trip to the ER and a hospital admission. Beyond reducing exposure to germs and good hand hygiene, what else can you do?  

The controversy over vitamin C and its benefits in fighting the common cold has dominated since the 1970’s. Studies seem to be split on the ability for vitamin C, taken daily to prevent colds or therapeutically during illness, to be of any benefit. Anecdotally, people claim vitamin C to work wonders even beyond the realm of immune boosting capabilities. It is likely to be one of the most commonly taken supplements aside from a regular multi-vitamin. But do the claims stand up to evidence? And if the research is inconclusive is there really any harm in taking it?

The Cochrane Library published a review of research done on vitamin C and colds and concluded that prophylactic doses, or daily supplementation meant to prevent illness, of 200 mg or more was effective in reducing the duration of illness. The review of 29 studies found that in adults, vitamin C reduced the duration of a cold by an average of 8% and in children 13%. Placebo-controlled studies analyzing the therapeutic effects of vitamin C are few and far between. Only 7 studies were found that compared vitamin C and a placebo to cold symptoms and the results showed no significant differences in the length of illness or severity of symptoms.

While vitamin C may help, but the extent seems minimal. There are a variety of other factors to consider that many research studies do not take into account. Activity level, quality of overall diet and medical conditions all impact one’s immune system. Taking vitamin C supplements will not compensate for a poor diet or sedentary habits. Not to mention that nutrient needs vary for each individual. Lifestyle factors like stress and smoking may increase need for certain nutrients including vitamin C.

But when we look at any potential harm of supplementing vitamin C, aside from the financial cost of supplementing if you really don’t need it, the risks are minimal. Large doses of vitamin C can cause diarrhea, but decreasing the dose solves the problem.

Do I think that vitamin C is the cure-all for the common cold? No. Do I believe it plays a role in our immune systems? Absolutely. But so do vitamin A, D, iron and protein. Besides adequate nutrition, stress management and proper sleep is important as well. For myself, I’ve noticed sleep to be the primary key for staving off illness. So for now, I’ll stick with my routine of healthy eating, exercise and rest and hopefully keep this bug at bay!


References:
Vitamin C for Preventing and Treating Common Cold. Cochrane Library. March 2010.

How to boost your immune system. Harvard Health Publications. http://www.health.harvard.edu/flu-resource-center/how-to-boost-your-immune-system.htm

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